Plastic Surgery Essays

Plastic Surgery Essays Plastic Surgery Essay Plastic Surgery Essay also known as ultrasonic liposuction the cannula is energized with ultrasound. This makes the fat melt away on contact the ultrasound vibrations burst the walls of the fat cells, emulsifying the fat (liquefying it) and making it easier to suction out. This method is a good choice for working on more fibrous areas, such as the male breast, back, and in areas where liposuction had been done before. UAL is especially useful for stubborn fat accumulations. However, longer incisions in the skin are needed for this procedure, and there is a risk of skin or internal burns. This procedure takes longer than the others, because it is often done alongside tumescent liposuction. It is also more expensive. After ultrasonic liposuction, it is necessary to perform suction-assisted liposuction to remove the liquefied fat. UAL techniques were initially linked with cases of tissue damage, generally because of over-exposure to ultrasound energy. A third-generation UAL device the Vaser Lipo system prevents this problem by using pulsed energy delivery and a specialized probe that allows surgeons to safely remove excess fat. * Power-assisted liposuction (PAS) , also known as Powered liposuction uses a specialized cannula with a mechanized system that rapidly moves back-and-forth, allowing the surgeon to pull out fat more easily. It is similar to traditional UAL, but the surgeon does not need to make so many manual movements, as in other methods. This method may sometimes cause less swelling and pain, and may allow the surgeon to remove fat with more precision, especially in smaller areas. * Laser Assisted Lipolysis (LAL) , or laser-guided lipo requires the use of tumescent fluid. It is a far less invasive and bloody procedure than the traditional liposuction method for removing fat. A microcannula is inserted through a small incision to deliver laser energy and heat into subcutaneous fat (fat under the skin). The liposuction cannula this is a stainless steel tube, which is inserted through an incision in the skin and is used to suction the fat (suck the fat out). The liposuction microcannula is a very small cannula with an inside diameter of less than 3 mm (some experts define them with less than 2. 2mm diameter). Liposuction surgery tools The size of the cannula can influence how smooth the skin is after liposuction. Large cannulae tend to create irregularities more commonly than microcannulas. Large cannulae are more frequently used for total-body liposuction. After an area has been prepared for treatment, a small cut is made (sometimes several, depending on the size of the area), and a microcannula is inserted into the cut. The microcannula is attached to a special vacuum machine. The microcannula first loosens and then sucks the fat out of the area. Draining out excess fluid and blood after the operation the surgeon may leave the incisions open so that fluid can drain from the body. After the liposuction operation * Anesthetic patients who underwent a general anesthetic usually spend the night in hospital. Those who had a local anesthetic may be able to leave hospital on the same day. Patients should not drive for at least 24 hours after receiving an anesthetic. * Support bandages the patient will be fitted with either an elasticated support corset or bandages for the targeted area after the operation. They help reduce inflammation and bruising. They should be worn for several weeks. It is important to follow the doctors advice on keeping the area clean and how to do this. * Antibiotics patients may be given antibiotics immediately after the operation. * Painkillers the doctor will most likely prescribe or recommend analgesics (painkillers) to relieve pain and inflammation. * Stitches the patient will be given a follow-up appointment to have the stitches removed. * Bruising there will be significant bruising in the targeted area. The amount of bruising is usually linked to how big the targeted area was. The bruising may go on for several weeks; in some cases for as long as six months. * Numbness patients may experience numbness in the area where fat was removed. This should improve within six to eight weeks. Results patients and their doctors will not be able to fully appreciate the results of liposuction until the inflammation has gone down, which in some cases may take several months. Typically, most of the swelling will have settled after about four weeks and the area where fat was removed should appear less bulky. Patients who maintain their weight can usually expect permanent results. Those who gain weight after the procedure may find that their fat distribution alters. Those who previously had fat accumulating in their hips might find that their buttocks become the new problem area. If a patient has thought everything through carefully beforehand, talked to their GP and surgeon about their aims, motives and expectation, the surgeon is skilled and well qualified, and there are no complications, most patients are pleased with their results. What are the risks of liposuction? Any type of major surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection and an adverse reaction to anesthesia. Risk of complications is usually associated with how large the procedure is, as well as the surgeons skills and specific training. The following risks, unpleasant side effects, or complications are possible: * Bad bruising this is especially the case if patients have been taking anti-inflammatory medications or aspirin. Patients with a tendency to bleed are also at higher risk of bad bruising. * Inflammation the swelling in some cases may take up to six months to settle. Sometimes fluid may continue to ooze from the incisions. Thrombophlebitis a blood clot forms in a vein, causing inflammation of that vein. This may affect liposuction patients, especially inside the knee and on the inside of the upper thigh (when these areas have been treated). * Contour irregularities if the patient has poor skin elasticity, has healed in an unusual way, or fat removal has been uneven, the skin may appear withered, wavy or bumpy. This undesirable result may be permanent. The cannula may cause da mage that makes the skin appear spotted. Seromas may form under the skin (temporary pockets of fluid), which may need to be drained. Numbness the area that was worked on may feel numb for a while; this is usually only temporary. There may also be temporary nerve irritation. * Infections although rare, skin infections may occur after liposuction surgery. Sometimes this needs to be treated surgically, with the risk of scarring. * Internal organ punctures this is very rare. If the cannula goes in too deeply one of the internal organs may be punctured. Further surgery may be required. Internal organ punctures can be life-threatening. * Death anesthesia carries with it a small risk of death. Kidney or heart problems as fluids are being injected and or suctioned, the change in the bodys fluid levels may cause kidney or heart problems. * Pulmonary embolism fat gets into the blood vessels and travels to the lungs, blocking the lungs. This can be life-threatening. * Pulmonary edema th is may be a result of fluid being injected into the body. Fluid accumulates in the lungs. * Allergic reaction there may be an allergic reaction to medications or material used during surgery. * Skin burns the cannula movement may cause friction burns to the skin or nerves. Lidocaine toxicity in the super-wet or tumescent methods, too much saline fluid may be pumped into the body, or the fluid may have excessively high concentrations of lidocaine. If lidocaine levels are too high for the patients system he/she may experience lidocaine poisoning (toxicity) initially they will experience tingling and numbness, then seizures, followed by unconsciousness, and possibly respiratory or cardiac arrest. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/244066. php What Is A Facelift? What Is A Rhytidectomy? Editors Choice Main Category: Cosmetic Medicine / Plastic Surgery Article Date: 12 Apr 2012 13:00 PST email to a friend    printer friendly    opinions Current ratings for: What Is A Facelift? What Is A Rhytidectomy? Patient / Public:| | 2 (4 votes)| Healthcare Prof:| | | Article opinions:|   1 posts| | A facelift is a surgical procedure that is typically used to give a more youthful appearance to the face. Technically, it is also called a rhytidectomy. This type of cosmetic surgery reshapes the lower one-third of the face by removing excess facial skin. Some facelift procedures also include the tightening of underlying tissues. To achieve the best result, it is often combined with other additional procedures addressing the forehead, cheeks, brows and eyes. According to statistics, facelifts are increasingly popular among both men and women. The first facelift was performed in Berlin in 1901 by surgeon Eugen Hollander. According to Medilexicons medical dictionary, a rhytidectomy is: Literally, excision of wrinkles. Usually used to designate rejuvenative surgery of the cheeks and neck performed by tightening the facial supporting structures and excising excess skin; face-lift. The facelift procedure The traditional facelift. An incision is made in front of the ear extending up into the hair or hairline. The incision stretches downward in front of the ear, comes under the ear and then upward behind the ear. It then ends in the hair or hairline behind the ear. If necessary, the deeper tissues of the face can be tightened. The excess skin is removed. The incisions are then closed with sutures and staples. In some cases a drain is placed under the skin behind the ear to drain off any excess blood and fluids. This drainage tube is removed a day or two after the procedure. Then bandages are applied. New surgical techniques There are new methods for performing facelifts. New surgical options are constantly being developed. These advances aim at improving cosmetic procedures: * Lasers: A face-lift procedure called laser neck and jaw liposculpture and resurfacing, uses lasers. This can be done through a one-inch incision under the chin using only a local anesthetic. * Endoscopy: Endoscopic techniques are now used to do face lifts and brow lifts. This method allows for smaller incisions. As a result, there are fewer traumas to tissues, and a faster recovery time. Facial structures are raised, and there is no need to cut away folds of skin. However, this type of procedure also depends on the patient. * Liposuction: This method is used to remove focal deposits of fat in the face. It is usually used in the area between the chin and neck. Liposuction can be combined with a face lift or performed separately. Face lift surgery can last from two to five hours. It can be performed in an outpatient facility with local anesthetics and sedatives to relax the patient. However, in some cases surgery can be performed under general anesthesia and the patient may stay in the hospital overnight. Facelifts are effectively combined with eyelid surgery and other facial procedures. The result of a facelift is a smoother, more youthful appearance. The procedure removes and tightens sagging skin. The droop of the cheeks around the jaw line is reduced. The corners of the mouth are lifted and the creases between the cheeks and lips are diminished. The results usually last between five to ten years. Ads by Google Most Advanced Liposuction New Technique Simple Safe Effective Faster Recovery Free Consultation HealthPathwayIntl. Com Mens Skin Centres Enjoy Power Tummy Sculpting @RM190. Tough ABS the easy way, Sign Up Now www. MenSkinCentre. com. my/Body Bladder Weakness Understand Incontinence Management And learn How TENA Can Help you Tena. com. my/Info The incisions in front of and behind the ear are usually not noticeable. For a satisfactory and pleasing result, the adequate techniques are required in each individual case. In men, achieving a natural appearance following surgery can be more challenging because men have hair in front of their ears (sideburns). The sideburns can be pulled backwards and upwards. This may result in an odd look. In both men and women, one of the obvious signs of having had a facelift is a distorted earlobe. If skin is removed in excess, the face can assume a pulled-back or startled appearance. Additional procedures to supplement the facelift may be necessary for optimal results, including neck lift, eyelid surgery, liposuction, fat injection, removal of cheek fat, forehead lift, brow lift, chemical or laser peel, and cheek or chin implants. What are the complications of facelift surgery? Complications of facelift surgery are infrequent cosmetic procedures are generally safe. However, any surgery comes with some risk. The risks and complications of facelift surgery include: * Bleeding * Bruising * Complications of anesthesia * Damage to the facial nerves controlling muscles (usually temporary) * Hematoma (inflammation, pain, swelling and redness) * Infection * Loss of hair although uncommon (around the incision site) * Numbness (can improve within days or weeks) * Scarring * Skin necrosis (tissue death) * Unevenness between two sides of the face * Widening or thickening of scar Recommendations for facelift surgery Most patients are very pleased with the results of their facelifts. The following points should be discussed and considered before going forward with a facelift procedure: * Undergoing a facelift surgery is not recommended for anyone with serious medical problems. * The individual who is considering undergoing the procedure should be in good general health. * The risk of postoperative complications is increased in cigarette smokers. * There is a higher risk of complications for patients with high blood pressure and diabetes. * The patient should have reasonable expectations. Surgery will not detain the overall aging process. * Patient should be psychologically stable. For best results, patient should have good skin elasticity and bone structure. * Patients should abstain from taking aspirin or other blood thinners for at least one week prior to surgery. Prior to surgery, the plastic surgeon will review the patients medical history. There will be analysis and evaluation of blood pressure, blood clotting, medications, cigarette smoking, drug use, aller gies, scarring, and skin condition. Moreover, the plastic surgeon will discuss with the patient what the surgery will involve, where it will take place, the type of anesthesia used, the recovery, and potential complications that may develop. The surgeon and patient should discuss thoroughly what the goals and expectations of the surgery are, according to the skin type and bone structure. Recovery after your facelift Pain and discomfort are usually minimal and medication can be given to relieve tenderness. Most patients do experience a slight discomfort after a facelift. Bruising and swelling can persist for a few days. Recovery time is usually one week but activities can begin the day after the procedure. Sutures are removed about five to ten days after surgery. Incisions and bandages must be kept dry and the patient should follow the specific instructions about bathing and washing. Vigorous activity should be avoided for some time. Following doctors directives is crucial and will speed the healing process, allowing for the best possible result. Full recovery takes about two to three weeks while bruises heal and swelling diminishes. Some numbness and muscle stiffness is normal for some time. Scars can take nearly a year to fade and tone down. Most patients are very satisfied with the results of their facelift. They feel that they have recovered a more youthful appearance. Both men and women enjoy their rejuvenated look. The results of a facelift can last approximately 10 years. Genetics and lifestyle factors play a role in aging and the appearance of skin. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking or drinking alcohol, limiting stress, sun exposure and contact with pollutants can help extend the beneficial effects of the facelift surgery. Written By: Christian Nordqvist Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today ehow. com/about_4759600_negative-effects-cosmetic-surgery. html Cosmetic surgery was designed to make the human body look better. Thousands of people have these operations done every year to change their face and body. What many of these people dont realize is that there are negative effects to the surgery, ranging from emotional issues to cost and the risks they take when they lie on the table. Read more: Negative Effects of Cosmetic Surgery | eHow. com ehow. com/about_4759600_negative-effects-cosmetic-surgery. html#ixzz2MJ8Tv73M 1. Side Effects * Though thousands of people undergo cosmetic and plastic surgery every year, there are some side effects to the procedures. This varies depending on the exact operation. Some patients have experienced headaches, nausea and prolonged pain. Another common side effect reported is inflammation surrounding the area of the body where the procedure was done. These side effects generally dissipate over time but can be bad in the beginning. Individuals may also experience bruising in areas of their body. Cost * When people decide to undergo cosmetic surgery, they often consult a professional who gives them an estimate as to the cost. This estimate isnt a binding contract, but a guess as to how much the procedure will cost. The actual cost can rise dramatically over this estimate, leading patients to suffer pressure to pay the entire amount even if they cannot afford it. When the cost is spread out over a payment plan, it can cause more stress. * Sponsored Links * Mens Skin Centres Enjoy Power Tummy Sculpting @RM190. Tough ABS the easy way, Sign Up Now www. MenSkinCentre. com. my/Body Emotional Effects * The emotional effects on patients well-being are one of the negative effects of cosmetic surgery. While they go under the knife to fix a problem they see on the outside, this sometimes only serves as a bandage on the larger problem. After the surgery they continue to suffer from a body image distortion. A small number of patients continue to go back to the surgeon to fix other problems they see instead of trying to find a real solution to the problem. Risks * Risks are a negative side effect of cosmetic surgery because theyre dramatic and varying. Whenever an individual steps under the knife, they open themselves up to risks associated with the surgery. There are cases of individuals dying on the operating table, even during a routine procedure. The individual also has to worry about risks associated with an infections, allergic reactions and organ failure. These only occur in a small number of cases, but they are still something to consider. Scarring * Scarring is something that many people dont consider when it comes to cosmetic surgery. However, in certain cases this type of surgery can leave behind lasting scars that dont fade over time. Breast augmentation and liposuction are two of the more popular procedures that cause scarring. The surgeon can later attempt to correct the scarring or reduce the appearance, but this doesnt always work. Read more: Negative Effects of Cosmetic Surgery | eHow. com ehow. com/about_4759600_negative-effects-cosmetic-surgery. tml#ixzz2MJ8Lyhnl buzzle. com/articles/bad-effects-of-plastic-surgery. html Negative Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is often associated with a picture-perfect look, free of wrinkles, blemishes, scars and any other physical problem, almost undermining the risks involved in the procedure. Even after the significant progress in technology, plastic surgery still involves many side effects and dangers. To know about the negative effects of plastic surgery, read on. Ads by Google KL Aesthetic Laser Centre Remove acne scars fine lines. Improve your skin texture. Visit us www. MedivironUOA. com Plastic surgery is the surgical method of correcting or restoring body parts and their functions. The word plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means to mold. This surgery also involves molding or shaping the body features and parts either for enhancing the appearance of an individual or for restoring a deformed body part and its functions. Accordingly plastic surgery is categorized into two main fields, cosmetic surgery for enhancing looks and beauty, and reconstructive surgery, which is carried out for the purpose of restoration of damaged body parts. Reconstructive plastic surgery is mainly performed in the case of severe burns, injuries, congenital defects and developmental abnormalities of organs, infections or diseases and for cancer or tumor removal. The history of plastic surgery, especially for reconstructive purposes, dates back to 2000 BC, India. Today, we have witnessed an increase in the popularity of plastic surgery, mainly for cosmetic purposes. No doubt cosmetic surgery can effectively reshape the body parts to give you a beautiful and young look, free of wrinkles and scars and thereby boost your morale. However, several bad or negative effects may also be associated with the process, which can range from financial to physical and psychological effects. Ill Effects of Plastic Surgery Cost Plastic surgery is a very expensive procedure, which involves skin grafting. It can put tremendous financial pressure on you and your family. While assessing the cost of this surgery, people tend to take into account only the cost of the surgery, and completely overlook the unexpected cost that can arise from postoperative complications and the hospital charges they ave to shell out in case they have to stay back in the hospital for any postoperative procedure. People also forget to consider the cost of postoperative medications, which cant be avoided, as not taking them can result in further complications. In all, plastic surgery is a costly and complicated affair and considerable care and precautions need to be followed after the surgery. Surgical Risks Plastic surgery involves several surgical ri sks like pain, infections, allergic reactions, nausea and vomiting, which are commonly associated with any kind of surgery. In addition to these, drug reaction, implant rejection, pigmentation, blood clots, skin necrosis and nerve damage on the particular area are some of common adverse effects of this surgery that may give rise to many complications. The process may produce additional risks for smokers, as they are more likely to face problems like delay in healing wounds, increased risk of infection, bruising, and pulmonary problems. In rare cases, plastic surgery can lead to heavy blood loss and organ failure. Psychological Impact Patients opting for plastic surgery, especially cosmetic surgery, should be very well aware that the results they obtain might differ from what they were expecting before they went under the knife. Sometimes these procedures can leave behind scars that may not go away with time. This can have a lasting psychological effect on patients, plunging them into depression. People suffer from intense regret and anger toward themselves and the doctor for a procedure gone horribly wrong, not to mention embarrassment and criticism they might face from friends and family. It has been observed that many individuals undergoing plastic surgery tend to suffer from an obsession with their look. This can cause an addiction and may impel them to undergo plastic surgery several times. A common psychological disorder in this regard is known as body dysmorphic disorder, where people develop such a distorted and weird perception of their body that they cant be satisfied with any look. But sometimes plastic surgery becomes inevitable, especially for reconstructing damaged parts of the body caused by burns, accidents or any inborn abnormality. Before opting for plastic surgery, patients must be well aware of every risk that is associated with this procedure. It is very essential to discuss every aspect of the method and the cost involved with your plastic surgeon. It is also advisable to research properly before selecting a qualified and certified surgeon. Look for his professional records, affiliations, medical accreditation, etc. to ensure you are in safe hands. Follow the instructions of your surgeon to avoid any surgical and post-surgical complication and be mentally strong and prepared to handle the repercussions, if any. By Chandramita Bora Last Updated: 3/8/2012 Read more at Buzzle: buzzle. com/articles/bad-effects-of-plastic-surgery. html ehow. com/facts_4829741_positive-effects-plastic-surgery. html Positive Effects of Plastic Surgery By Mark Orwell, eHow Contributor * * * * Print this article Plastic surgery is often met with skepticism and distrust. This is probably due to pictures of botched surgery or people who simply have too much work done. For the most part, though, plastic surgery is actually very good for you. It has both physical and psychological benefits, as long as you dont go overboard with too many surgeries. Other People Are Reading * Pros Cons of Plastic Surgery * Benefits of Plastic Surgeries 1. Re-contouring * This is the process of plastic surgery that includes procedures such a liposuction, which involves the removal of fat from the body. Not only does this make you look more attractive, but controlled liposuction can remove safe amounts of fat from your body to aid in overall health. Confidence * This is a big benefit that comes along with plastic surgery. Confidence makes people psychologically fit and happy, and generally improves their style of life. Sponsored Links * 2013 Post-Match SOAP March 11 NRMP Unfilled List in hand. FAQ: Where should I apply? ElectronicResidency. com Wounds Accidents * Many people go to a plastic surgeon because they have been in some kind of accident. In order to reduce major scarring, plastic surgery is required. Age-Defiance * The affects of aging can be prolonged or reversed with plastic surgery. Wrinkles can be removed as well as age spots and s agging skin. When kept to a minimum, plastic surgery can take years off your apparent age. Safety Many people claim that plastic surgery is not safe. However, modern surgeries are actually very safe and new technologies make them safer every day. In fact, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery recently released a report stating that modern skin grafting techniques are safe and effective for certain plastic surgery augmentations. Read more: Positive Effects of Plastic Surgery | eHow. com ehow. com/facts_4829741_positive-effects-plastic-surgery. html#ixzz2MJBJBoKh eruptingmind. com/what-motivates-people-to-have-plastic-surgery/

Domestic Terrorism Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Domestic Terrorism Master - Essay Example Both domestic and international terror groups have the same enemies both terrorists group enemy is the government as these terrorist groups usually consist of the oppressed class, and this class feels that it is the government's fault that they do not get their fair share. Thus the government is the common enemy of both the terrorist groups. A good example of domestic terrorism is that Various recent events, most particularly the bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in April, 1995, thus proving the fact that Organized extremist/terrorist groups of particular concern with regard to their abilities to recruit from, and exist within the United States armed services have historically been racist and/or anti-government in character. (http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/presley.htm) Terrorist have started to use the in two ways. The First and most common way is that, the Internet has developed into a forum through which both terrorist groups and individual terrorists can spread their intense and influential messages of hate and violence far and wide. Through this fast developing forum they can also communicate with one another and with those who show sympathy towards them. The Second way in which terrorist use the internet for their terrorism is that, individuals as well as groups have attempted to make an attack on a lot of computer networks, as well as those on the Internet this is called cyber terrorism or cyber warfare. At present, terrorists proffer to use the Internet for their purposes more than they are attacking it. At least twelve of the thirty groups on the State Department's list of selected foreign terrorist organizations keep Web sites on the Internet. Whereas U.S. officials strongly believe that a number of terrorists use encrypted E-mail to plan their evil acts of terrorism, the majority of groups seem to use the Internet so that they can spread their propaganda all around the world. Good number Internet sites of terrorist groups seek to promote the organization's political and ideological agenda. A good example is of this is that directly after the Peruvian terrorist group Tupac Amaru broke into the Japan's Ambassador's residence which was in Lima as well as apprehended scores of diplomatic, political and military officials hostage in December 1996, sympathizers of Tupac Amaru in who were citizens of U.S. and Canada developed quite a lot of solidarity Internet sites, one of the sites even had comprehensive drawings of the terrorists' plan of assault on the residence of the Japanese Ambassador's. When most of the free and English speaking world thinks of the word enemy, a warrior dressed assassin or foreign solder from a communist country usually comes to mind. Enlisted soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines who fight tirelessly to defend our country see the enemy as that exactly. Unfortunately, there is a new enemy threatening our way of life. This enemy attacks through e-mail messages and internet connections.

VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT EXAM PAPER - 4 OUT OF 8 MINI CASE QUESTIONS Essay

VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT EXAM PAPER - 4 OUT OF 8 MINI CASE QUESTIONS - Essay Example In case of mergers and acquisitions the primary aspect with regards to value chain management involves an integration of two different value chains i.e., one of the acquirer and the other of the acquired company. There needs to be certain changes in the value chain that could help in undertaking an overall improvement in the value chain of the organization (Ray, 2010, p.46). In case of Bramble the primary motive behind the acquisition of CAPS is to undertake and utilise the primary and secondary aspects of CAPS’s value chain elements to generate an overall improvement in the value chain of Brambles that would enable it to move up in the value chain. This strategy of the firm is in tune with the popular theoretical belief that every organization has its own sets of key elements that includes internal as well as external factors. In the case of Bramble the company wants to acquire the knowledge and expertise of the primary and secondary elements of the value chain that includes its human resources, fixed assets as well as intellectual property that can help in improving the value proposition of the organization by helping its move up in the value chain (Bertoncelj, 2008, p.3). Figure 1: Value Chain in Mergers and Acquisitions for CGI (Source: CGI, 2009, p.2) The figure above shows how to improve the value chain by undertaking a merger and acquisition strategy. The figure above shows how a procurement based value chain can be used to generate an improvement in the entire value chain of the organization by using the expertise in the primary and secondary activities of the acquired organization. Brambles hope to leverage upon the existing expertise as well as client base of CAPS to generate long term profitability for the organization. Brambles hopes that with the acquisition of a company engaged in downstream activities it would be able to undertake a vertical integration of its business process. This would help in opening up business opportunities of the or ganization considering the vast and immense potential of the downstream activities. The company believes that with the acquisition of CAPS and the good client base of the organization the company would be able to provide better and augmented facilities both in terms of number as well as quality as the customers would find more facilities under a single roof. This would save the customers time as well as monetary resources that would have otherwise being incurred by taking the services of a different vendor for pellets and container services. This would motivate them to choose Brambles over its competitors as it would be offering greater value proposition to the customers. This would help in generating long term sustainable competitive advantage for the organization in the long run. The vertical integration would also help in generating more value in the value chain (Slide 31-35, Planning and performance in Value chain networks). The acquisition of CAPS would also boost the levels of customer service that would help in enhancing the value proposition in accordance with Holden’s value proposition theory that states customer service as one of the key areas that can be used by organizations to enhance their value propositions. Brambles

Investigation and prevention of child abuse Essay Example for Free

Investigation and prevention of child abuse Essay Child abuse is one of the most common human right violations in the human community. According to UNCEF reports, at least one child dies every day as a result of child abuse. Nevertheless, the exact number of child deaths as a result of chilled abuse is hindered by the fact that most cases of child deaths in the communities goes without investigation. Still, an estimated over 30, 000 child in America are put under protection registers annually (American Prosecution Research Institute 12). The world is approximated to have over 100 million abused children most of whom are from the developing nations. However, these are just but a few of child abuse cases which are reported. There are numerous types of child abuse practices in the society. They range from infant shaking, to child battering, to child negligence, to child sexual abuse (Perona, Bottoms, and Vieth 42). Such practices are blamed for having a negative impact on the psychological, physical, and social development of the child. The process of preventing child abuse effectively dictates for the participation of all members of the community in ensuring early identification of such problems (Perona, Bottoms, and Vieth 51). Creating awareness among children as well as other members of the community on the rights of children plays an instrumental role in mitigating child abuse in the community. Investigation of child abuse for legal charges involves numerous methods depending on the type and magnitude of the act. For instance, Physical sexual abuse on kids can either be self evident or call for medical procedures to qualify (Myers 46). The history of family relations plays a crucial role in child abuse investigation practices by law enforcement. This paper seeks to give a detailed discussion on the prevention and investigation of child abuse. Prevention of child abuse The realization of effective child abuse prevention entails the creation of awareness on the forms and how to identify child abuse as well as engaging efforts in mitigating risk factors to child abuse in the community (Perona, Bottoms, and Vieth 51). The problem of child abuse in the community is increased by lack of awareness by the public. According to available statistics for example, child sexual abuse incidences in the American society has its peak between the onset of puberty and adolescence (American Prosecution Research Institute 67). At this age, most of the victims have mental capability to identify and avoid being victims of sexual abuse. Based on this reasoning, creating adequate awareness among the child can greatly aid in mitigating child abuse practice in the community. In this pursuit, since 1983, the American nation has set April as Child Abuse Prevention Month. In addition, the government funds child-abuse prevention initiatives through its Community-Based Grants for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (CBCAP) (American Prosecution Research Institute 71). Still on awareness, society cohesion factor plays an important role in preventing child (Myers 102). Just as is the case with other forms of crime prevention practices, the local community members find much advantage in the early identification and thus controlling of child abuse in their neighborhoods. This is because; they are the ones living close to the sources of child abuse; the family unit. Therefore, encouraging communal living among members of the community is instrumental in preventing child abuse. Another common practice of preventing child abuse is enforcing zero tolerance policies on domestic violence. According to numerous research findings, it is established that families marked with couple violence have a higher prevalence of child abuse; both physically and emotionally (Myers 112). There are numerous risk factors identified for causing child abuse practices. Such include the social and economic position of the family and the local community and the effectiveness of the law enforcement and criminal justice system in addressing child abuse cases (Myers 108). It has been sufficiently claimed that poverty in the in family plays an instrumental factor in perpetuating child abuse practices such as neglect. Financial constrains in the family also serves to cause stress and depression among parent, a factor that negatively impacts on the parent-child relationship. Still, an idle mind is the devils workshop. Therefore, the sustainable prevention of child abuse dictates for resolving eminent economic problems that affecting members of the local community. Also found to influence the level of child abuse is the character and gender of the child. Statistical evidence indicates that most mentally or physically disabled children are found to be at risk of child abuse (Perona, Bottoms, and Vieth 61). The statistics also establish substantial evidence connecting gender classification as a clear cause of child abuse in the community. In particular, the girl child is prone to child abuse and neglect. In some countries, the girl child is rarely provided with equal education as the boy child. This is a denial of the children right to education. In addition, girls are common victims to forced marriages as well as prostitution. On the other hand, the boy child is commonly marked with forced labor. They are also the main victims of corporal punishment compared to girls. These are the reasons behind the enactment and enforcement of numerous laws mitigating practices such as child pornography and prostitution and child labor (American Prosecution Research Institute 61). Many nations across the globe including the United States have banned corporal punishment of children both in the schools and in the family. This serves the purpose of limiting inhuman punishments on children. It is worth noting that the United Nations initiative on providing basic education to all children has taken cause in many countries across the globe. This initiative is quite instrumental in influencing prevention of anti-girl child education practices in the nation as much of its emphasis is on the girl child. Such an initiative is supported by numerous community based non-governmental organization. The war on drug abuse in the community is an important tool in mitigating child abuse. According to numerous research findings, drug abuse like alcoholism is among the leading causes of domestic violence as well as child sexual abuse in the community (Myers 121). This claim has been evidently supported by the fact that drugs function in compromising the reasoning and judgmental ability of an individual. Such can also be explained by the fact that drugs enhance aggression and temper of the victim. In a move to mitigate this practice of drug abuse as a potential cause for child abuse, the American nation is found to spend billions of dollars on the war against drugs in the society. Investigation of child abuse The process of investigating child abuse is heavily dependent on the availability of claimed evidence of physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse. According to the available legal provisions; some forms of child abuse such as child labor neglect, and failure to provide education as well as some forms physical abuse of are self evident (Myers 132). Therefore, the investigation of such practices is mainly based on reported evidence rather than dictating for medical procedures. Also commonly involved in the investigation practices is identifying the history of a child abuse problem. According to psychological principles, human problems such as emotional stress and depression are a direct result of long term abuse in children. Based on this, the period over which such abuse on a particular child should be provided as qualifying evidence against the defendants charged with child abuse (Myers 136). As per the requirements of the law, this evidence can be self proclaimed by the victim, given by a member of the local community or from a doctor. The doctor should conduct an extensive diagnosis on the subject matter to give admissible evidence. Such might cover but not limited to the extent of physical or emotional damage impacted on the child. However, the laws protecting children against abuse prohibit against even the slightest form of action against a child that can compromise their social, emotional, academic and physical development. Conclusion Despite the numerous efforts by governments and other community-based non-governmental organizations, child abuse remains a major problem in the global community. There are various causes of child abuse in the community. Such include; domestic violence, cultural beliefs, economic status, and social practices in the community. The problem is further complicated by failure by the victims or members of the community to reports such cases to the relevant authorities for legal action against the perpetrators. Therefore, effective child abuse prevention strategies must take into account the need for creating public awareness on the problem. It should also devote much emphasis on resolving the main social and economic factors which promote child abuse. It is only through consulted cooperation among all stakeholders in the community that the war against child abuse can be successful.

Hydroponics :: essays research papers

Hydroponics Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NAME HERE and I became fascinated by hydroponics and the idea that one doesn't have to get their hands dirty to be a great gardener, and if your like us that's a good thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea of hydroponics has been around since the pyramids where build, but in all these years it never seemed to catch on. It took about forty-six hundred years before the first scientist took a look at hydroponics and adapted it to grow crops, this was a professor at the University of California, and the result was a 25 foot tomato plant that had to be harvest by a ladder. Thus hydroponics was reborn and has been advancing ever since. Yet up to 5 years ago the home grower and generally the public didn't know about hydroponics. It was only being used by commercial growers. But now it has caught on, and resulted in this experiment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When thinking about hydroponics one must think about the applications of hydroponics. Not only dose hydroponics produce bigger, better, and more healthier plants than the traditional dirt, but it can also be greatly beneficial on things like submarines, space stations, off-shore oil rigs, or any where else where dirt is hard to come by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this experiment we'll be looking for which plant life well do best with hydroponics, by measuring which plant has grown the highest or bushiest. We also well be looking for green and healthy looking leaves on the plants. We have no idea what the results might be, so this should be an exciting experiment. Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which form of plant life will thrive the most in a hydroponics enrichment. Will it be Tomatoes our fruit, Peas our vegetable, Tinkerbell flowers, or Beans a legume?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First we selected a suitable PVC pipe and cut it into a 4 foot long piece. Next we cut four holes into the pipe with a jigsaw. After that we drilled two holes for the brass tee's to fit into. Next we glued on the two caps. After that we drilled two holes, one for the bucket to rest on, and the other for the plastic hose to go into. Then we glued the 20mm pipe into one of the holes. After that we cut our 4 inch PVC pipe and glued the cap to it. Then we drilled two holes into the pipe, and inserted two brass nosles into the holes we just drilled. Now take the plastic hose and cut it into 4 piece. One piece is for draining, one is for sub reservoir, and two are to separate the sub

Psychology of Sexuality

Since the dawn of mankind, sexuality has played an enormous role in the complex social behaviors exhibited by our incredibly unique species. Sex contributes not only to reproduction, but also to relationships between people, cultural norms, and mental health. There are many important factors that contribute to sexuality; one of the most important factors is sex differentiation.We can take this even further and look at reproductive anatomy and the differences between the male and female reproductive systems. Thus, this paper discusses the history of sex, male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology, and finally human sex differentiation. The history of sex is interesting especially because of the controversy over the length of the time span from whence it was recorded. John Gagnon argues that it was really the turn of the 19th century when sex research emerged.While many (if not all) of Sigmund Freud’s theories have been disproved by this point in time, he did hit on man y major ideas about sexuality and was one of the first people to really think and talk publicly about it, as well as Havelock Ellis. Freudian theories were extremely influential in shaping future theories and research, even throughout the late 20th century. Another important player was Alfred Kinsey, who built upon previous researchers and made note of the social changes around the 1950s, in turn affecting policy, general attitudes towards sex, and future research.Winston Ehrmann agreed that the history of sexuality is quite a short field in his work â€Å"Some Knowns and Unknowns in Research into Human Sex Behavior,† arguing that and while there has been documentation about sexual behavior throughout history, a more scientific approach to sex only really begun since the late 19th Century. However, I would contest that it’s a distinction based more on a social construct of what constitutes a scientific study in Western society.For example, ancient Indian literature of the Kama Sutra can be said to have treated sex as a science, giving practical advice about sex as well as showing the various positions in detailed paintings. There is also detailed historical evidence of homosexual behavior among men in Ancient Greece. While Ehrmann may not have considered these sources scientific, I would argue that for their respective time periods, they were as scientific as could be expected. In fact, we can’t really judge whether something was â€Å"scientific† since what we consider scientific in a modern Western sense may be completely different from their nderstanding of scientific back in the days of Ancient India or Greece. For a perspective of the history of sexuality from around the globe, we go back further in time and look at eighteenth century England, as well as ancient African Bushmen. Hera Cook writes an article â€Å"Sexuality and Contraception in Modern England: Doing the History of Reproductive Sexuality† in which she argue s that historians have ignored reproduction as a factor relevant to and influencing sexual mores and change. Pregnancy, and the resulting child, is not only a physical demand and economic cost, but a health risk.Effective contraception was not available and alternative sexual practices were not acceptable substitutes for vaginal intercourse. While I agree with most of her arguments, I would contest her claim that many historians dismiss reproduction as a factor of changes in sexuality. In fact, the next article â€Å"The Century of Sex: Gender, Bodies, and Sexuality in the Long Eighteenth Century† by Karen Harvey discusses sexuality in England during the 1700s and does consider the effects of reproduction.Harvey argues that prior to the Eighteenth century, men and women were â€Å"placed on a vertical, hierarchical axis, in which their bodies were seen as two comparable variants of one kind† in a sort of â€Å"one-sex model† based on the four humors of different qualities – cold and moist, which dominated women, and hot and dry, which dominated men (Harvey, 2002, p. 901). Furthermore, they thought of sex organs as simply the reverse of one another; a vagina was like an inside-out penis, the labia corresponded to the foreskin, etc.However, towards the eighteenth century, there was a shift in the understanding of bodies towards a two-sex model. Anatomical differences were stressed and their bodies were regarded as qualitatively distinct. While previously the female orgasm was previously thought to have importance for conception, it was ultimately deemed unnecessary. Women were reimagined from â€Å"lascivious and lustful creatures† to having no sexual needs whatsoever (Harvey, 2002, p. 903). Homosexuality was highly frowned upon and considered perverse and sodomy.On the other hand, a certain ancient African Bushmen tribe had a much more egalitarian view on sexual behavior and gender differences. Marc Epprecht discusses the hist ory of the zvidoma, the orginal inhabitants of Zimbabwe in his book â€Å"Hungochani: The History of a Dissident Sexuality in Southern Africa. † Epprecht notes that these ancient Bushmen were hunters and gatherers using Stone Age weapons and tools comprising a classless communitarian society with no concept of individual ownership or property. Decisions were made by group consensus, and this included females; uncommon for that time.While there was a clear gender division of labour, the zvidoma were closer to egalitarian than any other culture in ancient African history. Not only did they traditionally marry monogamously, but women could divorce relatively easily and retain rights to sexual autonomy. Depictions of women’s genitals in cave paintings suggest â€Å"a source of vital, mystical energy at least on par with men’s† (Epprecht, 2004, p. 25). Because of their limited geographical area as well as their method of hunting and gathering, they had to be c areful to avoid overpopulation.During times of hunger, they practiced sexual restraint and possibly infanticide. Furthermore, there is a rock painting at least 2000 years old depicting three males engaged in anal intercourse as well as two male couples, one embracing face to face and the other also engaging in anal sex with an overly large emphasized erect penis. There are not many paintings depicting sexual practice, but the relative scarcity of ones depicting homosexual practices as well as paintings with heterosexual sex suggest they were equally commonplace.While the history of sexuality gives us a good basis on which to study the psychology of sexuality, some would argue this basis is biased toward differentiation. Merry Wiesner-Hanks argues that women’s and gender history over the last few decades has spent too much time on divergence, making more and more complex categories of difference over sexual orientation, marital status, able-bodiedness, gender relations, etc. H owever, I argue that it is necessary to study these differences in order to properly ascertain similarities and relations between the sexes.First and foremost we will discuss the biological and anatomical differences between the genders, then later human sex differentiation in a broader, more psychological and social construct. Historically, fixing sexual types became popular in the eighteenth century, according to Londa Schiebinger in â€Å"The anatomy of difference: race and sex in eighteenth-century science. † It was a great age of classification. Just as natural historians flooded Europe with new strange flora and fauna from the New World, new cultures were being discovered in America.Thus they sought new and simple principles that would hold universally, and tried to define the genders. This set the stage for genders to be divided in an evolutionary context. Judith Lipton and David Barash posit in â€Å"Gender Gap: The Biology of Male-Female Differences,† that bio logical differences between men and women have a strong and direct correlation with evolution. They argue that we can look to other species to learn more about ourselves. Just as scientists look at E. Coli to study the replication of DNA, we can look at other living creatures and see our sex differences mirrored there within.However, Katarina Hamberg challenges that argument. She thinks that using sex differences seen in biological experiments on animals to explain gender differences in humans is ridiculous. I agree with her that this is completely unscientific. Gender differences as well as gender itself varies greatly between species. In fact, in many species the female is bigger than the male. Furthermore, she is often stronger and will sometimes consume the male after sex in order to give strength to her developing babies, as with many arachnids and some insects.Therefore we can hardly compare studies on animals to human sex differences, though we can certainly look at the diffe rences and ponder the implications. Hamberg also argues that throughout history, biological arguments have been used in order to legitimize a social gender order characterized by male supremacy. This is more problematic, for while men are physically stronger and bigger than women, they are certainly not more intelligent nor are they naturally more disposed to leadership. In fact, some studies have shown that women possess more of the skills necessary to lead well and do better academically.The male and female orgasms are an important biological distinction in a reproductive, evolutionary, and social context. In â€Å"Why Women Have Orgasms: An Evolutionary Analysis† by David Puts, Khytam Dawood and Lisa Welling, the evolutionary adaptation of the female orgasm and its purpose is discussed. There are two possible likely hypotheses; firstly the mate-choice hypothesis which holds that female orgasm has â€Å"evolved to function in mate selection† and secondly the byproduc t hypothesis which asserts that the female orgasm in fact has no evolutionary purpose and rather exists because women and men share early ontogeny with men.They found the first hypothesis to be more likely, which seems the case to me as well. Another article â€Å"Women Who Prefer Longer Penises Are More Likely to Have Vaginal Orgasms (but Not Clitoral Orgasms)† discussed vaginal versus clitoral orgasms and the evolutionary implications. Their method was to have over three hundred women report in an online survey; however, people may not always be truthful in surveys, especially those discussing sensitive matters like sex, therein lies a possible problem with their study.They were able to find a positive association between likelihood of orgasm with a longer penis and vaginal orgasm frequency. Finally â€Å"Human Sperm Competition† discussed the concept of sperm competition, the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize an egg of a lone female. They were looking into the claim that sperm competition has an effect on mate selection in humans. This study also involved the use of a survey with approximately 400 men and women. The results of the survey showed that sperm competition was most likely not a huge factor in mate selection.On the other hand, perhaps this is something that evolved recently since nowadays there are many options for couples who have trouble conceiving such as adoption, artificial insemination, use of surrogates, etc. thus the ability to conceive a child naturally is not as important in mate selection now as it may have been earlier in human evolution. Contributing to sex differences such as these is different concentrations of steroids and hormones delivered to the fetus, which can have lasting effects throughout a person’s life.After looking at sex differentiation in a biological context, we must consider how and why females and males differ in behavior, psychology, genetics, a nd pathology? Certainly, it has long been posited that there is a divide in spatial abilities. Patricia Gilmartin and Jeffrey Patton assess this in â€Å"Comparing the Sexes on Spatial Abilities: Map-Use Skills. † They suggest that males are more proficient than females in many types of spatial tasks. Furthermore, they found these differences were greater in childhood, especially in relation to maps, geography, and navigation based tasks.Among college students, these differences in map-use and navigation were negligible. I would have liked to see them look into the concept of men preferring not to ask for directions or use a GPS to navigate – a long standing gender joke, but possibly true. Certainly this has proved true in my experience driving with my male family members and friends. However, I would posit that it varies culturally, for example in respect to Japanese people who don’t have this social construct of men not asking for directions. Another dimension on which genders vary is leadership.Cheryl de la Rey argues in â€Å"Gender, Women and Leadership† that the question is not only whether genders vary in leadership ability and skills, but whether they vary in leadership styles as well. These differences in leadership style, she posits, are not reducible to biological differences, nor can they be adequately explained by socialization and sex roles. Rather, it’s about how gendered behaviors become more dominant within organizational contexts that are masculinized. This leads to the hindrance of women’s access to leadership positions via discrimination and stereotyping.Part of the problem is that people need mentors to move up in the business world, but since most of the people in high ranking positions are men, and close relationships between men and women in the workplace may be frowned up, it can be hard for a woman to find a mentor. Sebastian Schuh notes that women are still underrepresented in leadership role s, but he has different ideas about why. He thinks it’s because women consistently report lower power motivation than men. While this may be a piece of the puzzle, I don’t think he addresses the full picture very well.In addition to differences in leadership, men and women vary on the axis of sexuality and attitudes towards sex. Jennifer Petersen and Janet Hyde’s meta-analysis on research of gender differences revealed that although men indicated somewhat more sexual experience and permissive attitudes, there were exceedingly minimal gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, these differences decreased with age. However, I think he glosses over many of differences. There are subtleties to it that must be considered.In â€Å"The Orthodox View of Brain Sexual Differentiation† Marc Breedlove, Bradley Cooke, and Cynthia Jordan discuss how the standard view of sexual differentiation of the brain, which is chiefly resulting from work wi th mammals, oversimplifies a vastly complex process of mechanisms derived through natural selection. The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) plays an important role in all this with a complex system. It was interesting to see how social factors could take an effect and how plastic and ever-evolving this system could be.One thing is clear from this reading; this SNB system is more multifaceted than previously thought and may be changing well into adulthood. As far as gender differences in aggression, I was not surprised to learn that men are more likely to be engaged in violence than women. Both from personal experience and cultural norms, that seems to fit the model. However, it was interesting to learn that the primary reason for male aggression is mate competition. From a personal standpoint, I don’t find a violent man liable to get into fights more attractive.I’ve certainly seen the type more than once at a bar, or on the streets, and my first instinct is to remove myself from his company and immediate area. On the contrary, that would be a shortcoming. However, from an evolutionary perspective it makes more sense as to protection and fighting for territory. Though there has been much study on the history of sex, biological and anatomical sex differences and social, sexual, and psychological implications of gender differences, psychology of sexuality is a field that is ever-growing and expanding as studies become more daring and social constructs allow for more experimentation and study.Hopefully in the next century, we will see new research leading to greater understanding of gender and sex. References Ainsworth, S. E. , & Maner, J. K. (2012). Sex begets violence: Mating motives, social dominance, and physical aggression in men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(5), 819-829. Barash, D. P. , & Lipton, J. E. (2002). Gender gap: the biology of male-female differences. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Breedlove, M. , Cooke, B. M. , & Jordan, C. L. (1999). The orthodox view of brain sexual differentiation. Brain, Behavior, and Evolution, 54, 8-14. Cook, H. 2007). Sexuality and Contraception in Modern England: Doing the History of Reproductive Sexuality. Journal of Social History, 40(4), 915-932. Costa, R. M. , Miller, G. F. , & Brody, S. (2012). Women who prefer longer penises are more likely to have vaginal orgasms (but not clitoral orgasms): Implications for an evolutionary theory of vaginal orgasm. International Society for Sexual Medicine, 9, 3079-3088. La Rey, C. D. (2005). Gender, women, and leadership. Agenda, 65, 4-11. Ehrmann, W. (1957). Some knowns and unknowns in research into human sex behavior. Marriage and Family Living, 1, 16-24.Epprecht, M. (2004). 1. Hungochani: The History of a Dissident Sexuality in Southern Africa (pp. 25-49). Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Gagnon, J. H. (1975). Sex research and social change. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 4(2), 111-141. Gilmar tin, P. P. , ; Patton, J. C. (1984). Comparing the sexes on spatial abilities: map-use skills. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 74(4), 605-619. Hamberg, K. (2005). Biology, Gender and Behaviour. A Critical Discussion of the Biological Models used for Explaining Cognitive and Behavioural Gender Differences .Psychology of Gender Identity (pp. 127-144). Social Science: Nova Publishers. Harvey, K. (2002). The century of sex? Gender, bodies, and sexuality in the long eighteenth century. The Historical Journal, 45(4), 899-916. Petersen, J. L. , ; Hyde, J. S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 21-38. Puts, D. A. , Dawood, K. , ; Welling, L. L. (2012). Why women have orgasms: an evolutionary analysis. Arch Sex Behavior, 41, 1127-1143. Schiebinger, L. (1990).The anatomy of difference: race and sex in eighteenth-century science. Eighteenth-Century Studies, 23(4), 387-405. Schuh, S. (2013). Gender dif ferences in leadership role occupancy : The mediating role of power motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(517), 34-78. Simmons, L. W. , Firman, R. C. , Rhones, G. , ; Peters, M. (2004). Human sperm competition: testis size, sperm production and rates of extrapair copulations. Animal Behavior, 68, 297-302. Wiesner-Hanks, M. (2007). World history and the history of women, gender, and sexuality. Journal of World History, 18(1), 53-67.

Should Firms Encourage The Environment And Support The...

Should firms try to meet the expectations to enhance the the environment and support the community and still meet the financial interest of the shareholders or are they just to focus on the profits of a firm? Consumers and society believe that the firm hold a Corporate Social Responsibility to use their resources to benefit society. Then there are others that feel like the firms have already met their social responsible by providing the community with job and tax revenue that they did not have before. It is very easy to see both sides and argue either way. This debate begun in 1932 with opposing articles (Dodd 1932; Berle 1932) in a Harvard Law Review symposium on â€Å"For Whom Are Corporate Managers Trustees?’ (Reinhardt, F., Stavins, R., Vietor, R, 2016). Those that argue for CSR often refer to the Triple Bottom Line, which is the notion that companies need to maintain and improve on the ecological and social performance in addition to the economic performance (Parnell, 2014). In other words, they feel that the firms should just not be about profit, that they should think about the society and surroundings. Firms must therefore consider the impacts of their actions on affected stakeholders. Those against CSR may argue that if you participate in CSR that are you stealing from shareholder’ monies. The argument against CSR is supported by well-known quote found in Milton Friedman’s 1970 New York Times Magazine article reads as follows: â€Å"[The responsibility of aShow MoreRelatedStarbucks as a Morally Responsible Company1420 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks as a Morally Responsible Company: Starbucks Coffee Company is an American coffee firm that operates globally and headquartered in Seattle, Washington. Currently, Starbucks Coffee Company is the largest coffeehouse firm across the globe with over 20,000 chain stores in more than 60 countries. 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